1. The commercial sources of energy are
A. solar, wind and biomass
B. fossil fuels, hydropower and nuclear energy
C. wood, animal wastes and agriculture wastes
D. none of the above
Answer: B. fossil fuels, hydropower and nuclear energy
Explanation:
- The commercial sources of energy are fossil fuels, hydropower and nuclear energy.
- Coal, petroleum, water, and electricity are sources of commercial energy, which have price and consumer has to pay price to purchase them.
- The other examples of commercial sources of energy are fossil fuels, hydropower and nuclear energy.
- The most commercialized forms of commercial energy sources are electricity, coal, and advanced petroleum products.
- They are used for electricity generation on the basis of industrial, agricultural, transportation, and commercial development of the different countries of the modern world.
2. Non-commercial sources of energy are
A. wood, animal wastes and agriculture wastes
B. solar, wind and biomass
C. fossil fuels, hydropower and nuclear power
D. none of the above
Answer: A. wood, animal wastes and agriculture wastes
Explanation:
The sources of energy that are usually available free of cost from nature, are referred to as non-commercial sources of energy. For example, firewood, agriculture waste and dried dung.
There are commercial and non-commercial sources of energy.
- Commercial sources are coal, petroleum and electricity as they are bought and sold.
- Non-commercial sources of energy are fuelwood, agricultural waste and dried dung. These are non-commercial as they are found in nature/forests.
- While commercial sources of energy are generally exhaustible (with the exception of hydropower), non-commercial sources are generally renewable.
Important Points
- More than 60 per cent of Indian households depend on traditional sources of energy for meeting their regular cooking and heating needs.
- Both commercial and non-commercial sources of energy are known as conventional sources of energy.
- There are three other sources of energy which are commonly termed as non-conventional sources — solar energy, wind energy and tidal power.
- Being a tropical country, India has almost unlimited potential for producing all three types of energy if some appropriate cost-effective technologies are used. Even cheaper technologies can be developed.
3. The primary sources of energy are
A. coal, oil and uranium
B. hydrogen, oxygen and water
C. wind, biomass and geothermal
D. none of the above
Answer: A. coal, oil and uranium
Explanation:
- Primary Sources - They are those sources which do not require any transformation before their use. They are directly used e.g., coal, lignite, petroleum, gas, etc.
- Secondary Sources - The sources which involve transformation process before final use are referred to secondary sources e.g., transforming inputs of coal energy into electricity.
- Primary energy sources take many forms, including nuclear energy, fossil energy -- like oil, coal and natural gas -- and renewable sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower.
- The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system is the first of seven Essential Principles of Climate Sciences. Principle 1 sets the stage for understanding Earth's climate system and energy balance. The Sun warms the planet, drives the hydrologic cycle, and makes life on Earth possible.
- Each second, more than four million tonnes of matter are converted into energy within the Sun's core, producing neutrinos and solar radiation.
4. The secondary sources of energy are
A. solar, wind and water
B. coal, oil and uranium
C. either A or B
D. neither A or B
Answer: A. solar, wind and water
Explanation:
- Primary Sources - They are those sources which do not require any transformation before their use. They are directly used e.g., coal, lignite, petroleum, gas, etc.
- Secondary Sources - The sources which involve transformation process before final use are referred to secondary sources e.g., transforming inputs of coal energy into electricity.
- Primary energy sources take many forms, including nuclear energy, fossil energy -- like oil, coal and natural gas -- and renewable sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower.
5. In India largest thermal power station is located at
A. Kota
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Chandrapur
D. Neyveli
Answer: B. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation:
- India‟s largest thermal power plant is located in Madhya Pradesh.
- Vindhyachal thermal power plant is the largest power plant in India.
- It is located in the Singrauli district in Madhya Pradesh.
- It is a coal-fired power station in India.
- It was commissioned in 1987.
- The installed capacity is 4,760 MW.
- It is the ninth-largest coal-fired power station in the world.
Important Information
| Power Plant | State |
| Durgapur Thermal Power Station | West Bengal |
| Rihand Thermal Power Station | Uttar Pradesh |
| Talcher Super Thermal Power Station | Odisha |
| Barauni Thermal Power Station | Bihar |
6. The proper indication of incomplete combustion is
A. high CO content in flue gases at exit
B. high CO2 content in flue gases at exit
C. high temperature of flue gases
D. the smoking exhaust from chimney
Answer: A. high CO content in flue gases at exit
Explanation:
- Incomplete combustion occurs when there isn't enough oxygen to allow the fuel to react completely with the oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, and also when the combustion is quenched by a heat sink such as a solid surface or flame trap.
- When rainfall occurs during combustion then combustion is not complete.
- When combustion is not complete then result in combustion by-products like carbon monoxide.
7. The main source of production of biogas is
A. human waste
B. wet cow dung
C. wet livestock waste
D. all above
Answer: D. all above
Explanation:
- The main source of biogas is manure, agricultural waste, cow dung, and vegetable wastes.
- These are all organic matters and biogas is produced from these resources after breaking down chemically in absence of oxygen. They are a renewable energy source.
- The main components of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide which are combusted with oxygen to produce energy.
8. India's first nuclear power plant was installed at
A. Tarapore
B. Kota
C. Kalpakkam
D. none of the above
Answer: A. Tarapore
Explanation:
- Tarapur Atomic Power station is located in Tarapur, Maharashtra.
- It was the first commercial atomic power station of India commissioned on 28th October 1969.
- It was commissioned under 123 agreements signed between India, the United States, and International Atomic Energy Agency.
- The station is operated by the National power corporation of India.
More Information:
| Nuclear Power Plant | State of location | Opened in |
| Kudankulam | Tamil Nadu | 1998 |
| Tarapore | Maharashtra | 1969 |
| Kaiga | Karnataka | 2000 |
| Narora | Uttar Pradesh | 1991 |
| Nuclear power plant | State | Capacity |
| Tarapur Nuclear power plant | Maharashtra | 1400 MW |
| Rawatbhata Nuclear power plant | Rajasthan | 1180 MW |
| Kudankulam Nuclear power plant | Tamil Nadu | 2000 MW |
| Kaiga Nuclear power plant | Karnataka | 880 MW |
9. In fuel cell, the energy is converted into electrical energy
A. mechanical
B. chemical
C. heat
D. sound
Answer: B. chemical
Explanation:
- A fuel cell is used to converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
- An electric battery is a device consisting of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell has a positive and negative charge.
10. Solar thermal power generation can be achieved by
A. using focusing collector or helio-states
B. using flat plate collectors
C. using a solar pond
D. any of the above system
Answer: D. any of the above system
Explanation:
Focusing collector:
- Focusing collector is a device to collect solar radiation with high intensity of solar radiation on the energy-absorbing surface.
- A focusing collector is a special form of flat plate collector by introducing a reflecting surface (collector) between the solar radiation and the absorber.
- Thus, a focusing collector consists of a focusing device, a receiver, and a tracking arrangement.
- Theoretically, temperature as high as limited by the temperature of sun’s photosphere may be attained.
- However, in practice, these units are capable of heat delivery at many hundreds.
- The current technology includes single axis tracking concentrators.
Flat Plate Collector:
- Flat plate collectors, which are of the non-concentrating-type collectors, are convenient and effective, when temperature below 90°C is adequate for room heating or water heating.
- They are made in rectangular panels of about 1.7-2.9 m2 area and relatively simple in construction and easy to install.
- Flat plate collectors absorb both direct and diffused solar radiations.
- They are effective even on cloudy days when there is no direct radiation.
- In a flat plate collector, a blackened sheet of metal is used to absorb all sunlight.
- The metal sheet painted in black acts as a black body; the heat absorbed from the sunlight is transferred to another fluid such as air, water, etc.
- The metal sheet which acts as black body absorption plate should be in good thermal contact with the tubes holding water or any other fluid.
Solar pond:
- A solar pond is a large water body to save solar energy in heat stores represented by the bottom side of the pond, which is then accessible to use for feasible purpose.
- Solar ponds utilize to collect heat from solar radiation and the amount of radiant energy would be exploited later.
- Highly useful for rural areas because of the low cost involved.
- A separate collector system is not needed in a solar pond setup.
- The heat stored is on a very large scale and hence it can be used day and night, no storage is necessary in the form of batteries.