Copper losses in a transformer are measured using

A. Short Circuit Test
B. Open Circuit Test
C. Both A & B
D. None of the Above 

Answer 
A. Short Circuit Test

Explanation
  • Copper loss in the transformer is measured by the short-circuit test of the transformer. For measuring copper loss first we short-circuit the transformer low voltage side. After the short circuit of LVS, a small voltage is applied on the H.V side till the rated current flow in the L.V side.
  • Short-circuit test is carried out at rated current to determine the full load copper loss.
  • Since the transformer winding resistance is not affected much by frequency in the power frequency range this test need not be necessarily conducted at the rated frequency.
  • This test is carried out with the instruments placed on the high voltage side while the low voltage side is short-circuited by a thick conductor.
  • This is because the rated current on the high voltage side is lower than on the low voltage side and therefore economic instruments may be used.
  •  A short circuit test is used to determine the copper losses and an open circuit test is used to determine the core losses.
  • Open circuit test is carried out on the low voltage side while the high voltage side is open-circuited.


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