A. Shunt capacitor
B. Synchronous condensers
C. Series capacitor
D. Excitation control
Answer: A. Shunt capacitor
Explanation:
Reactive power can be injected into a transmission line by using the following:
Shunt capacitors
Series capacitors
Shunt reactors
Synchronous capacitors
Whenever an inductive load is connected to the transmission line, the power factor lags because of the lagging load current.
To compensate this, a shunt capacitor is connected which draws current leading to the source voltage.
The power factor can be improved.
Series capacitors are used to compensate for the inductance of the transmission line. They will increase the transmission capacity and the stability of the line. These are also used to share the load between parallel lines.
Series reactors are used as current limiting reactors to increase the impedance of a system. They are also used to limit the starting currents of synchronous electric motors and to compensate for reactive power in order to improve the transmission capacity of power lines.
A shunt reactor is an absorber of reactive power, thus increasing the energy efficiency of the system.
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