Electrical Safety:
1. It is strongly recommended that people should not work on exposed live conductors if at all possible. If this is not possible then insulated gloves and tools should be used.
2. If both hands make contact with the surface or objects at different voltages, current can exist through the body from one hand to another.
3. This can lead the current through the heart. similarly, if the current one hand to the feet, the significant current will probably exist through the heart.
4. An alternative to using insulated tools is to isolate the operator from the ground so that there is no conductive path from the live conductor, through the operator's body, to the ground. This method is used for working on live high voltage overhead power lines.
5. It should be mentioned that much care needs to be taken with electrical systems on ships and boats, especially steel of aluminum ones. Anu one standing on a metal deck or leaning against a bulkhead is automatically grounded, so great care must be taken that all live electrical wires are well insulated.
6. A properly grounded appliance greatly reduces the electric shock potential by causing a short circuit if any portion of the metal frame is accidentally touching the live wire.
7. This will cause the circuit breaker to turn off or the fuse to blow resulting in a power outage in that area of the home or building. Often there will be a larger "bang" and possibly smoke which could easily scare anyone nearby. However, this is still much safer than risking electric shock, since the chance of an out-of-control fire is remote.
First Aid for Electric Shock:
We do not know when we will come across an electrical accident to somebody, maybe at home or office or industry. It is always better and necessary to know how to give first aid to such victims before arranging to send the victim to the doctor.
Removal of the victim from supply:
1. The victim if found fallen on the ground or in a sitting position in an unconscious state always suspects that the victim is still in contact with the electric supply. In an anxious state never touch the victim. In the event of such a mistake, you will fall into the trap.
2. Ascertain whether the victim is still in contact. If so, you should stand on a dry wooden plank and remove the victim, otherwise, pull the victim using a dry rope or coconut matting or stick. If possible stand on a rubber mat.
Checking the victim:
Check whether the victim is still breathing. send a message to bring the doctor. If apparently, the victim is not breathing, give FIRST-AID till the doctor arrives to give further treatment.
First Aid method-I
1. Keep the victim with the face downwards. Kneel over the victim's back placing both the hands on the patient's back near the lowest rib such that the fingers are spread outwards while the thumbs of both hands almost touch each other and are parallel to the spine.
2. Rock yourself gently forward, keeping your arms straight pressing slowly for about 2 seconds. Now slowly release the pressure and come to the kneeling position. Repeat the process at the rate of about 15 times a minute. The purpose is to expand and contract the victim's lungs and cause breathing.
3. Continue this operation till the natural breathing is re-established. It may take a long time, 30 minutes or even one hour to get the expected result.
4. If the victim starts breathing, it is better to synchronize your actions until the victim breathes strongly. In some cases, it so happens that the victim after a temporary recovery of respiration again stops breathing.
5. It is, therefore, very much necessary to check the breathing of the victim continuously, and if natural breathing stops, artificial respiration should be given as explained above.
Caution: It is important that an unconscious victim should never be given any drink.
First Aid Method-II
1. Alternatively, if it is advantageous to place the victim on his back, do so, and loosen his clothes around the chest and stomach. place a pillow under his shoulders. The aim is to make his head fall backward. Draw his tongue forward and proceed as follows.
2. You should kneel in a position. Hold the victim just below his elbows and draw his arms over his head until they are horizontal to the ground. Keep them there for about 2 seconds.
3. Bring the patient's arms down on each side of his chest, pressing inwards up so as to compress his chest. keep the arms in this position at least for 2 seconds.
4. Repeat the above two positions at the same rate. it is always better if we draw out the patient's tongue during each lung inflating(inhaled position) stroke and release it during each lung deflating.
First Aid Method-III
This is a very good method and is becoming very popular. The procedure is as follows.
Place the patient so as to lie on his back. If there is some foreign matter like tobacco, Chocolate, etc. in the mouth, remove it; this will make the air passage clear.
Step 1: Open the airway of the patient by lifting his neck with one hand while your other hand tilts his head back and down as far as possible such that the chin points upwards.
Step 2: Pinch the nose to prevent air leakage. Maintain the open airways by keeping the neck elevated.
Step 3: Seal your mouth tightly around the victim's mouth and blow the air in. The patient's chest should rise.
Step 4: Remove your mouth. Release the patient's nostrils. Listen for air escaping from the patient's lungs. Watch for the patient's chest to fall.
Step 2,3,4 make one breathing in-breathing out cycle. Repeats this cycle by following steps 2,3 and 4 at 12 to 15 times a minute. Continue until medical help arrives or breathing in the victim is restored. For young ones(infants) cover the entire mouth and nose with your mouth. Use small puffs of air about 20 times per minute.
Safety Rules:
If you are a domestic consumer, Please follows these practices
1. Use standard pins to tap the supply of power from the plug points.
2. Always use standard ISI-marked materials even though they may cost a little more.
3. Replace a fused bulb only after switching it off.
4. Plug points of heavy appliances like - refrigerator, mixture, iron, we grinder, washing machine, etc. Must be properly earthed and the power should be drawn only a 3-pin plug.
5. Keep a bulb in place in all the lamp holders in house.
If you are a comercial consumer, Please follows these practices:
1. Get all your wiring done only through licensed contractor.
2. Do not allow tying up of adevertisemet boards, or flags and banners to the electric post.
3. Do not allow loading of vehicle to a height that it runs the risk of coming in contact with overhead supply lines. This kind of accident could be fatal for all the passengers.
If you are industrial consumer, Please follows these preactices:
1. Place "men at work" sign on all the switches before commencing work. Ensure that fuses are withdrawn before any work for added safety.
2. Always treat a circuit as "alive" unless untill it is proved otherwise beyond doubt.
3. Ensure that all the splices and connections are fully secured and do remember to dicharge any cable to earth before setting out to work on its core.
4. Keep rubber mats before the electrical switches and have the rubber gloves periodically checked.
5.make sure that workers are full familiar with all kinds of fire fighting equipments that are available and they know which ones can be used in case of electrical fire. You can use sand or blankets to contain a fire caused due to electrical fault.
6.Do warm others when they happen to be dangerously close to high tension electrical apparatus.
7.Do turn away your face whenever a flash or an arc is expected.
8.Do not close any switch without knowing which and all circuits may be under its control and exactly why that switch been kept open.
9.Do not touch or tamper with any electrical gear or a conductor unless you have ascertained that it is dead and earthed. A high-voltage apparatus is known to give leakage shock or flash without you having actually touched it.
10.Do not touch a circuit with your bare fingers or the hand or some other make-shift device to discover whether it is alive or dead.
11.Do not close or open a switch hesiatingly. Always do it firmly and quickly.
12.Do not allow usage of frail wires with worm out insulation.
13.Dont throw water on live equipment in case of electric fire.It could prove out to be highly dangerous. Also,do not make use of fire extinguishers on electricas fires unless they are clearly marked for use under such a condition.
14. Do not gp near running belts of machine components.
15. Do not bring a naked flame near any oil filled equipment and strickly prohibit any smoking in the area where batteries are installed.
16. Do not allow your visitors to venture in to high Voltage Zones in your work place.
17. Do not enter excavation sites or the trenches that smell of obnoxious gas and dont work in poorly lit conditions.